AIDE - Adaptive Integrated Driver-vehicle Interface
Overview
Background & policy context:
The AIDE Integrated Project (IP) has been set up to address HMI issues within a general European joint effort towards the large-scale deployment of Intelligent Road Safety Systems and, ultimately, a significant reduction of road accidents. HMI designs for maximising the safety benefits of new Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).
Today, a wide range of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are being developed for enhancing the driver's perception of the hazards, and/or partly automating the driving task. These include speed alert, lane support/blind spot detection, automated safe following, pedestrian detection, vision enhancement and driver impairment monitoring. These systems have great potential for reducing accidents, in particular the great portion related to human error (European Commission, 2002).
The safety impact of these systems depends to a great extent to be determined by their interaction with the driver. For example, in order to efficiently support the driver in avoiding crashing into a front obstacle, it is crucial that the warning/feedback given by the system intuitively generates the appropriate response (e.g. an avoidance manoeuvre). New technologies, exploiting new concepts for driver-vehicle interaction in multiple sensory modalities (e.g. visual, tactile and auditory), offer great potential for maximising the potential safety benefits of ADAS. Research and development on how to best exploit these possibilities to maximise the efficiency of ADAS is urgently needed.
Moreover, it is well known that the introduction of new safety functions may induce longer-term changes in driver behaviour. This type of behavioural change, often referred to as behavioural adaptation, may significantly affect the actual (as compared to the expected) safety benefits of a safety measure, both in positive and negative directions (OECD, 1990). Behavioural effects demonstrated for ADAS include system over-reliance on in-vehicle safety technologies resulting diversion of attention from the driving task and safety margin compensation.
However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown and a model for predicting them does not exist. Finally, the potential safety impact of an ADAS ultimately depends on its market penetration rate and whether it is actually used by drivers.
Here, the human-machine interface is of crucial importance; annoying system behaviour (e.g. nuisance warnings) will lead to drivers simply abandoning the system, which hence obviousl
Objectives:
The general objective of the AIDE IP was to generate the knowledge and develop methodologies and human-machine interface technologies required for safe and efficient integration of ADAS, IVIS and nomad devices into the driving environment.
The objectives of AIDE were:
- to maximise the efficiency, and hence the safety benefits, of advanced driver assistance systems;
- to minimise the level of workload and distraction imposed by in-vehicle information systems and nomad devices;
- to enable the potential benefits of new in-vehicle technologies and nomad devices in terms of mobility and comfort.
Specifically, the goal of the IP was to design, develop and validate a generic Adaptive Integrated Driver-vehicle Interface (AIDE) that:
- maximises the efficiency of individual and combined advanced driver assistance systems by means of innovative, integrated and adaptive, human-machine interface concepts that prevent negative behavioural effects (e.g. under-load, over-reliance and safety margin compensation). It also maximises positive effects (e.g. enhanced situational awareness), thereby enhancing the safety benefits of these systems. AIDE should demonstrate significantly enhanced safety benefits compared to existing solutions;
- reduces the level of workload and distraction related to the interaction with individual and combined in-vehicle information and nomad devices, thereby reducing the number of road accidents. AIDE should demonstrate a significant reduction in the imposed workload and distraction compared to existing solutions;
- enables the potential benefits of new in-vehicle technologies and nomad devices in terms of mobility and comfort, without compromising safety.
Methodology:
The AIDE Project included developments of a model for prediction of behavioural effects of driver assistance and information systems. This model was the basis for the design of the adaptive integrated driver-vehicle interface; development's of a generic, industrially applicable, methodology for the evaluation of road vehicle human-machine interfaces with respect to safety. This methodology was used for verifying the quantified goals. Design, development and evaluation of three prototype vehicles, one city car, one luxury car and one heavy truck with implemented adaptive integrated vehicle interface.
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