We can consider that the most recent developments of the vehicles are:

• the massive deployment of sensors, actuators and computers allowing to develop a kind of "vehicle and transport system intelligence";
• their ability to communicate among themselves or with the infrastructure through the concept of cooperative systems;
• the introduction of electric motor combined or not with thermal motor: hybrid vehicles or full electric vehicles.

All these changes are beneficial for both the car manufacturers, cycling manufacturers, road networks operators and transport users (drivers or simple users).