ELEK-TRA - Development of scenarios for the spread of electric cars under consideration of different political conditions
Overview
Background & policy context:
High emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases as well as high dependence on imported fossil fuels are the major problems the passenger vehicle sector has to face today. Another problem is the still low efficiency of passenger vehicles. Electrification of vehicle powertrain systems is therefore seen as suitable approach to face these problems. On the one hand efficiency of vehicles can be increased significantly; on the other hand, the use of electricity as energy carrier can reduce the dependence on fossil energy sources.
Objectives:
The main objective of this project is to analyse powertrain systems with different degrees of electrification from a technical, ecological and economical point of view.
The following powertrain systems were analysed:
- internal combustion engine
- micro hybrids
- mild hybrids
- full hybrids
- plug-in hybrids
- serial hybrids
- electric vehicles
- fuel cell plug-in-hybrids
Furthermore, the necessary framework conditions and the time frame for large scale introduction of electric vehicles will be analysed, as well as the effects of their diffusion on the energy demand and the greenhouse gas emissions of the sector.
Methodology:
Therefore, the effects of the following four parameters were analysed:
- possible development of energy prices (low and high price scenario)
- improvement of technologies in terms of efficiency and costs
- changing political framework conditions (taxes, subsidies…);
- different electricity sources
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