The development of the Trans-European Network (TEN-T) increases the opportunities for long distance multi-modal transport across Europe. However, while appraisal procedures for decisions on individual transport investments are well established, the impacts of long-range transport chains are less well understood. As well as the more obvious environmental benefits, network investments are believed to contribute to more spatially balanced economic development and social cohesion. Increased accessibility is particularly important for peripheral regions of the EU and the candidate countries for accession.