Expected effects of pay-per-use
Overview
Background & policy context:
A charge on car use is expected to lead to less car journeys, on total a lower travelled car distance and less congestion. This leads to fewer traffic accidents and better air quality. However, car ownership will probably increase leading among other things to a higher pressure on the scarce public space.
Objectives:
Pay-per-use (PPU) is a charge on car use set to be introduced in 2030, which will take the place of a charge on car ownership. As a result, the vehicle fleet is expected to grow in size, while total car use will fall because car drivers will seek out alter native modes of transport, will travel to more nearby destinations, or will refrain from making the journey in the first place. The decline in car use will probably lead to less congestion, fewer car accidents and lower NOx, CO2 and particulate matter emissions.
PPU also has economic and spatial implications. In the longer term, for example, PPU could influence the home and work locations of employees, even though total employment numbers are
expected to remain unchanged. On balance, the economy will probably become slightly less efficient, because less congestion is still outweighed by the fall in demand for travel. These are all
outcomes of an inventory of the possible effects of PPU, although those effects cannot yet been quantified.
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