The reduction of NOx emissions in internal combustion engines with high re-circulating ratio of exhaust gases
Overview
Background & policy context:
The EURO IV legislation previously in force fixed the extent of 250 mg / km emission limit for oxides of nitrogen. It was expected that the Euro V standard, in force from January 1, 2009, would conduct this limit to 180 mg / km, a decrease of 28%. By postponing the time horizon to 2012, the time of introduction of the standard EURO VI, it was agreed that the reduction of emissions in question would refer to 80 mg/km, with variations of 55% compared to 2009 and by as much as 68% compared to the previous conditions.
The automotive industry can act both on NOx production process or on exhausted gas treatment.
Objectives:
The goal of the research project can be summarized as: "The reduction in fuel consumption and emissions, with particular reference to the nitrogen oxides (NOx), in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) used in the field of Mobility."
The general theme, albeit of great interest for the scientific community and the motorsport and automotive industries, needed a degree of specialization that made it compatible with the spirit of the proposed activities of the PRIN.
The project proposed concerned the introduction of new technologies in a consolidated practice of efficacy and already applied in existing engines, represented by recirculation of the exhaust gas (Exhaust Gas Recirculation - EGR), with high ratios of recirculation, even higher than 50% of the mass flow drawn in by the engine.
Methodology:
The most important partial objectives to be pursued to achieve the common objective of the research program were:
- Verification of the ability to feed the engine with high amounts of exhaust gas recirculated according to a Long Route scheme with levy downstream of the turbine and mixing with the air upstream of the compressor.
- Evaluation of the stability of the changed operating conditions of the supercharge assembly, which processed, in the presence of high amounts of recirculated gases, flow rates that differed significantly in mass and in thermodynamic conditions from the usual conditions;
- Verification of the stability of combustion in the presence of loads highly diluted by the residual fraction.
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