Motorised individual transport in urban areas is coming ever closer to its capacity limits, while the externalities that arise from its use are continually increasing. The last mile distribution task of Public transport is also reaching its limits. By means of an intermodal offer, the advantages of the different transport systems are combined: For example, in Park and Ride (P+R) schemes, the car is used for the last mile distribution. For transportation on high-demand routes, public transportation is used, taking advantage of its high capacity. Until recently, P+R was the subject of intense policy discussions, which led to a reduction in the construction of such facilities. Today, a more pragmatic view is required. It is generally agreed that as many driven kilometres as possible should be transferred to public transport. By implementing P+R facilities, it is possible to change the use of partially under-utilised railway stations, to a commercially oriented operation.

With the implementation of Bike and Ride (B+R) facilities, mainly the access times to public transport stations are shortened, when compared to walking. Another alternative is that people ride their bicycle directly to rail stations where they can transfer to a fast and efficient public transportation system. The catchment area of a public transport stop/station is therefore extended.

In some Cantons, P+R concepts were recently developed. These concerned mostly medium-term implementation proposals, or locations for the development of new P+R facilities, which should ideally be kept free for an eventual development later on. At the same time, it is acknowledged that funds to finance these projects tend to be reduced. This study aimed to identify and quantify the different interrelationships of the combined transport systems P+R and B+R. From the results, strategic and planning recommendations are derived that aim to further develop combined mobility.