The present project proposed the development of a dynamic surveying and data analysis approach which would be able to detect the position, nature and degradation of different track defects along the layout. For this, accelerations, both vertical and lateral, were recorded on board the trains. The aim of this process was that it happens in a fully automated way. For this purpose, digital signal processing tools, such as the spectrograms, were used. Such tools decompose the signal and allow its analysis in the time and frequency domain simultaneously. In such representation, track defects showed specific patterns, thus allowing for their identification and classification. These patterns were automatically recognised by means of digital image  processing techniques. For this pattern recognition, a training-testing process with the recorded data was carried out.