This research project examines the links between various forms of spatial population mobility (external and internal migration, temporary mobility) and residential segregation for addressing the challenges facing sprawling urban regions, with a particular focus on Estonia and Eastern Europe. Research is mainly based on large scale quantitative microdata, such as population censuses, population registers, and mobile phone data. The results of the research programme contribute to the a) better understanding of geographic processes and their consequences in urban regions; b) development of international knowledge centre for spatial mobility, urban and regional research; c) enforces MSc and PhD studies in the same field at the University of Tartu; and d) smart, sustainable and inclusive spatial planning practices and urban development in Estonia.