V2G technology was developed in liaison with the ongoing ISO/IEC standardisation of the V2G interface, and it will extend existing smart-metering standards and ETSI ITS standards for vehicular communications. On the grid side, smart electric meters were enhanced for V2G capability and V2G-specific demand-balancing control algorithms were researched. The specification phase set out to synthesise requirements of both vehicle manufacturers and utility operators. The produced V2G adapter prototypes underwent conformance testing and field trials. The testing part also covered safety and security aspects. The field trial activities demonstrated end-to-end integration with the chain of smart-grid control systems. These trials were furthermore complemented by simulations of larger V2G uptake rates, which assess V2G impact on grid stability and robustness.

The validated PowerUp results were contributed into standardisation, completing the overall R&D cycle. We set out to ensure industrial consensus on V2G interface, and carefully trial V2G implementations in a realistic integrated environment. PowerUp partners are capable of follow-up project results deployment; its impact will facilitate reaching FEVs full potential economic and environmental benefits.