The Alps are a unique region at the heart of Europe, to be protected and remain attractive for its inhabitants. However, they are also a major natural bottleneck, increasingly challenging the dynamic economies in the region and their transport demand. The ever-growing transport across the Alps, in particular freight transport, has over decades led to an environmentally and also economically threatening situation. Projects, initiatives and policies are concerned with this challenge, such as projects in the Alpine Space and also in Central Europe, policies of the Alpine Convention or the Zurich Process.