Synergy effects of management means to decrease congestion and environmental influence
Overview
Background & policy context:
This project comes from an analysis of the road tolls in Stockholm city in 2001. That study showed that the congestion problem on the roads in the area of Stockholm would fade away almost entirely, even with the calculated traffic levels for the year 2015, if a toll of 4 kr (approx. €0.42) per km was introduced in rush hour in the inner city and 2 kr (approx. €0.21) per km in the outer area of the city. This result was expected even though the traffic levels for 2015 were calculated to increase by 30% compared with the levels of today.
The study also showed that a toll of 2 kr per km in the inner city during rush hour combined with increased comfort in public transport would reduce the congestion and the traffic by almost as much as the higher toll. This result points at a package of road tolls combined with other measures and management means, that probably not would have the same effect separately, but together would give a synergy effect to decreased car traffic and on the negative environmental influence of urban transport.
Objectives:
The aim of this project has been to analyse the combination of management means to decrease the car traffic demand and the potential to decrease the congestion, environmental influence and the use of energy in the transport sector with a package of such management means.
Methodology:
Two scenarios with different combinations of management means and measures were analysed.
Scenario Synergy 1 comprises:
- Road tolls (2 kr per km in the inner city, 1 kr per km during rush hour in the inner city of Stockholm);
- Incentives for travelling together for work commuting trips in the inner city;
- Privilege taxation of parking spaces in work places in the inner city which are subsidised by employers.
In Scenario Synergy 2, the following management means was analysed:
- Road tolls (2 kr per km in the inner city, 1 kr per km during rush hour in the inner city of Stockholm);
- Attractive taxes in public transport;
- Investments in cycle paths;
- Investments due to better comfort in public transport.
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