Studies under the Third Framework Programme concluded that there was a need for further development - under the name of Vessel Traffic Management and Information Services (VTMIS) - of new types of services which could be seen, as a starting point, as extensions of the Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) concept. According to the IMO definition, 'a VTS is any service implemented by a competent authority designed to improve safety and efficiency of traffic and the protection of the environment'. On the basis of the recognition of the diversity of actors involved in waterborne traffic management, the possible conflicts between interests at stake and the constraints which may hinder information exchange, the Commission decided to launch the VTMIS concerted action. Trade in Europe is fundamental to economic development and intermodal transport is a key factor in facilitating this trade. It is therefore necessary that EU shipping keeps pace with market requirements for the distribution of goods and that short sea shipping is integrated in intermodal transport chains in order to provide efficient and dependable door-to-door services. Innovative shipping concepts need to be examined to help promote EU shipping. The provision of frequent, reliable, safe and cost-effective sea transport is a primary concern in certain peripheral areas of the EU where no alternatives exist to cargo transport by ship.