Gender differences exist with regard to access to transport and mobility, transport safety, personal security, and participation in the transport sector. This report analyses gender differences in the transport sector across the European Union (EU). It identifies key issues based on a survey of relevant literature and summarises EU policy initiatives and regulations that address gender equality and transport. The study examines the status and evolution of European research in tackling women’s issues in transport and analyses women's participation in transport research and innovation activities. It assesses the progress to date and identifies challenges and opportunities concerning women and mobility. It concludes by providing policy recommendations to overcome the main barriers to gender equality in transport.