Research and Innovation background
Croatia's research and innovation (R&I) landscape is evolving, with a growing emphasis on integrating innovation into its economic and social development. The country is working to enhance its R&I capabilities to align with European Union standards and to foster a more competitive and sustainable economy. Some of the key strategy documents that are guiding Croatia’s research and innovation efforts are outlined below.
- The National Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (2030) outlines the long-term vision for Croatia's growth, emphasizing innovation as a key driver for economic progress. It outlines four development directions in order to contribute to Croatia’s maximum potential
- Sustainable Economy and Society
- Strengthening crisis resilience
- Green and digital transition
- Balances regional development
- The Strategy for Education, Science and Technology was adopted by the Government of Croatia in October 2014. The Strategy is a comprehensive document, mainly focused on all levels of the educational system but the last part is devoted to science and technology and emphasises several R&I related objectives. The envisaged strategies of the European Union and goals whose realisation is expected until 2025.
- Strategy for Transport Development 2014 – 2030 presents a vision of upgrading Croatian economy and development through an intermodal, sustainable, effective and safe transport system. It provides a framework for the development of Croatia's transport sector. The strategy defines 16 goals, 37 specific goals and 118 measures divided into six transport sectors - rail, road, air, sea and river, public city, local and regional transport.
- Transport Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (2017 - 2030): This document represents the second phase of the development of the Transport Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2014-2030 and can be considered a complete national strategic document based on comprehensive traffic data and national traffic model. This strategy is complemented by urban mobility plans in cities like Zagreb, which focus on improving public transport, reducing traffic congestion, and integrating smart transport solutions. These documents collectively guide the transport R&I efforts in Croatia, aiming to enhance the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of the country's transport systems.
- The Croatian Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3) was officially adopted in April 2016. The document sets out the priorities in a number of areas for the period 2016-2020. It was published together with the Action Plan for 2016 and 2017 which envisages a series of actions such as: mapping of R&I capacities in research and business sectors, establishment of Innovation networks for industry, creation of thematic innovation councils, etc. The strategy is one of the preconditions for withdrawing resources from EU funds, and it contains goals and priority activities linked to research, development, and innovation commercialization.
- The Research Infrastructure Development Roadmap of the Republic of Croatia (2023-2027) aims to contribute to the sustainable long-term development of the Croatian research and innovation system and to the achievement of the strategic goals identified in the relevant development strategies and plans.
Other important transport policy and planning documents are:
- Air Safety Plan 2023-2025
- River Transport Development Strategy 2022-2032
- Reform of the Road Sector
- Nautical tourism development strategy of The Republic of Croatia
- Maritime Development and Integrated Maritime Policy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia
(Last updated: 04/11/2024)
Institutional framework of transport research
The responsibility for research and innovation in Croatia is shared among several key organizations and government ministries. Some of the key organisations working in this area are listed below.
- The Ministry of Science and Education (MSES) is a pillar institution of the science system in Croatia. It bears responsibility for all the stages of education, research and promotes research-based technology development and communication and information activities. Its main mission regarding scientific research is to create and implement national scientific research policy as a framework for overall development of science in Croatia. MSE takes decisions on allocation of the State budget resources to national scientific research organisations.
- The Strategic Committee on Research Infrastructures is an advisory and coordinating body of the Ministry of Science and Education with designated experts from different fields. Its tasks are to provide guidance, recommendations, assessments and advice on research infrastructures. Additionally, one of the tasks of this Committee is to propose guidelines for the Republic of Croatia Research Infrastructure Development Roadmap in accordance with the relevant national and European strategic documents.
- The National Council for Science, Higher Education and Technological Development (NCSHETD) is the highest advisory body for scientific research, higher education and technology in Croatia. Besides being the principal advisory body for the respective domains, the Council commonly performs other activities, such as: proposes budget for scientific and higher education activities; gives approval on the establishment of Centres of excellence; establishes requirements to be fulfilled by PROs and HEIs in order to obtain authorisation for selecting and awarding scientific titles and teaching positions in accordance with the Law on Science and Higher Education.
- The Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds is responsible for planning and implementing the regional development policy; improving cross-border, interregional and transnational cooperation and preparation of strategic documents regulating the national development objectives. The Ministry participates in the preparation of priorities and annual and perennial strategic and operational documents for the use of EU funds and other international sources. It sets up priorities for the use of ESI funds available for Croatia and monitors the implementation of measures and activities set out in strategic documents.
- The Croatian Science Foundation was established in December 2001. Its mission is to promote science, higher education and technological development in Croatia in order to ensure the development of economy and to support employment. The Foundation provides support to scientific, higher education and technological programmes and projects, fosters international cooperation, and helps the realisation of scientific programmes of special interest in the fields of fundamental, applied and developmental research.
- The Ministry of Finance carries out tasks related (but not limited only) to: the development and competitiveness improvement of the Croatian economy, instruments and measures of the economic policy; industrial policy and innovation and new technologies policy; managing a guarantee fund for the promotion of industry; implementation and use of intellectual and industrial property rights; energy policy; mining; FDI and exports strategy. The Ministry plays an important role in the preparation of the Smart Specialisation Strategy of Croatia. It is responsible for the coordination of the absorption of ESI funds within the thematic objective 1 - Strengthening research, technological development and innovation.
- The Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure is the state administration body responsible for maritime, inland waterways, road, rail and air transport, cableways, postal services, electronic communications and pertaining infrastructure. The Ministry is also responsible for the protection of sea from pollution from ships and maritime domain. It prepares strategic documents and legislative proposals concerning the mentioned areas, monitors the implementation of the legislation in those areas and organises preparation of strategic infrastructure projects and programmes for all transport modes, that are considered of special importance for the Republic of Croatia.
(Last updated: 04/11/2024)
Funding Sources and Support Initiatives
Croatia's funding and support mechanisms for research and innovation are anchored in both national programs and European Union funds. The Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ) is a primary source of research funding, offering grants for projects that contribute to scientific excellence and innovation across various sectors, including transport. Another significant funding stream is the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF), provided within the Competitiveness and Cohesion Programme 2021 - 2027 and the Integrated Territorial Programme 2021 – 2027, which support research and innovation projects that align with Croatia's strategic goals, particularly those outlined in the Smart Specialization Strategy.
The Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes (AMEUP) is a public institution that promotes and implements EU and other international programmes in Croatia. Among other programmes, AMEUP supports the implementation of the EU's framework programme for Research & Innovation – Horizon Europe. HAMAG-BICRO is the Croatian Agency for SMEs, Innovation and Investments established by the Government of the Republic of Croatia with the purpose of enhancing SME development and promoting investment and innovation.
For transport research and innovation, the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion 2014-2020 (and its successor for 2021-2027) plays a crucial role, providing EU co-financed support for the development of transport infrastructure, smart mobility, and sustainability initiatives. The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) is another important EU instrument that funds transport infrastructure projects, particularly those that improve Croatia's connectivity with the broader European transport network.
Other transport funding is provided under the state aid EUREKA scheme.
(Last updated: 04/11/2024)