Drawing on the findings and developing the recommendations of the Logistik-Austria-Plus project “Milky Way” and the ISB basic research project “Freight on Rail Austria”, a concept of indicators will be developed to evaluate transport chains along the lines of goods categories of the international NST/R nomenclature for perishable foodstuffs. With “performance” initially meaning the economic competitiveness of transport processes in the microeconomic analysis, the purpose is to put this term in a wider evaluation policy context in response to the discussion on climate protection and environmental problems arising from the road transport of goods. To this end, it is necessary to give concrete meaning to the concept of “performance” in terms of the claims of players within the transport and value-adding chains, and secondly, to bolster it with “metaeconomic” indices and targets regarding, i.e., environmental and climate compatibility, energy efficiency, transport infrastructure utilisation rates, the framework for modal split changes, or transport products and technology cycles. The object of the exercise is to deepen the foundations of traffic planning and facilitate argumentative lines in the transport policy decision-making process face-to-face with stakeholders.