In the refrigeration sector, the control of temperature and relative air humidity during storage and transport of goods, consumes large amounts of energy. In fact, when applying best available technologies to control temperature and relative humidity of air, a large amount of electrical energy is needed because water vapour in air causes ice formation on the cold surfaces of evaporators (typically at –25°C) which lowers their efficiency and requires the use of expensive defrosting cycles. As food transport accounts for 3 to 4 % of total CO2 emissions in the EU, greater efforts are necessary to improve the energy performance of equipment and to develop new refrigerants with lower environmental impact.